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Table 245. Authors List of This Report List of Figures Figure 1. Research Methodology Figure 2. Research Process Figure 3. Key Executives Interviewed Figure 4. Webtoons Product Picture Figure 5. Global Webtoons Market Size Comparison by Type (2023-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 6. Global Webtoons Market Share by Type: 2022 VS 2029 Figure 7. Subscription Based Webtoons Product Picture Figure 8. Advertisement Based Webtoons Product Picture Figure 9. Global Webtoons Market Size by Application (2023-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 10. Global Webtoons Market Share by Application: 2022 VS 2029 Figure 11. Mobile Phone Product Picture Figure 12. PC/Notebook Product Picture Figure 13. Tablet Computer Product Picture Figure 14. Others Product Picture Figure 15. Global Webtoons Market Size (US$ Million), Year-over-Year: 2018-2029 Figure 16. Global Webtoons Market Size, (US$ Million), 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 Figure 17. Global Webtoons Market Share by Region: 2022 VS 2029 Figure 18. Global Webtoons Market Share by Players in 2022 Figure 19. Global Webtoons Players, Date of Enter into This Industry Figure 20. Global Top 5 and 10 Webtoons Players Market Share by Revenue in 2022 Figure 21. Players Type (Tier 1, Tier 2, and Tier 3): 2018 VS 2022 Figure 22. North America Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 23. North America Webtoons Market Share by Country (2018-2029) Figure 24. United States Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 25. Canada Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 26. Europe Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 27. Europe Webtoons Market Share by Country (2018-2029) Figure 28. Germany Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 29. France Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 30. U.K. Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 31. Italy Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 32. Russia Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 33. Nordic Countries Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 34. Asia-Pacific Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 35. Asia-Pacific Webtoons Market Share by Country (2018-2029) Figure 36. China Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 37. Japan Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 38. South Korea Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 39. Southeast Asia Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 40. India Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 41. Australia Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 42. Latin America Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 43. Latin America Webtoons Market Share by Country (2018-2029) Figure 44. Mexico Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 45. Brazil Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 46. Middle East & Africa Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 47. Middle East & Africa Webtoons Market Share by Country (2018-2029) Figure 48. Turkey Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 49. Saudi Arabia Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 50. UAE Webtoons Market Size YoY Growth (2018-2029) & (US$ Million) Figure 51. Naver Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 52. Kakao Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 53. Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 54. Tappytoon Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 55. ToryComics Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 56. Toomics Global Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 57. Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 58. KidariStudio Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 59. Webtoon Factory Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 60. Izneo Webtoon Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 61. Stela Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 62. Graphite Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 63. Webcomics (SideWalk Group) Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 64. SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 65. Mr Blue Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 66. Tencent Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 67. Amazia Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 68. Shuueisha Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 69. Comico (NHN) Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Figure 70. U17 Revenue Growth Rate in Webtoons Business (2018-2023) Highlights The global Webtoons market is projected to reach US$ million by 2029 from an estimated US$ million in 2023, at a CAGR of % during 2024 and 2029. North American market for Webtoons is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2029. Asia-Pacific market for Webtoons is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to reach $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2029. The major global companies of Webtoons include Naver, Kakao, Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio), Tappytoon, ToryComics, Toomics Global, Ridibooks (RIDI Corp), KidariStudio and Webtoon Factory, etc. In 2022, the world's top three vendors accounted for approximately % of the revenue. The global market for Webtoons in Mobile Phone is estimated to increase from $ million in 2023 to $ million by 2029, at a CAGR of % during the forecast period of 2024 through 2029. Considering the economic change due to COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence, Subscription Based Webtoons, which accounted for % of the global market of Webtoons in 2022, is expected to reach million US$ by 2029, growing at a revised CAGR of % from 2024 to 2029. Report Scope This report aims to provide a comprehensive presentation of the global market for Webtoons, with both quantitative and qualitative analysis, to help readers develop business/growth strategies, assess the market competitive situation, analyze their position in the current marketplace, and make informed business decisions regarding Webtoons. The Webtoons market size, estimations, and forecasts are provided in terms of and revenue ($ millions), considering 2022 as the base year, with history and forecast data for the period from 2018 to 2029. This report segments the global Webtoons market comprehensively. Regional market sizes, concerning products by types, by application, and by players, are also provided. The influence of COVID-19 and the Russia-Ukraine War were considered while estimating market sizes. For a more in-depth understanding of the market, the report provides profiles of the competitive landscape, key competitors, and their respective market ranks. The report also discusses technological trends and new product developments. The report will help the Webtoons companies, new entrants, and industry chain related companies in this market with information on the revenues for the overall market and the sub-segments across the different segments, by company, product type, application, and regions. Key Companies & Market Share Insights In this section, the readers will gain an understanding of the key players competing. This report has studied the key growth strategies, such as innovative trends and developments, intensification of product portfolio, mergers and acquisitions, collaborations, new product innovation, and geographical expansion, undertaken by these participants to maintain their presence. Apart from business strategies, the study includes current developments and key financials. The readers will also get access to the data related to global revenue by companies for the period 2017-2022. This all-inclusive report will certainly serve the clients to stay updated and make effective decisions in their businesses. Some of the prominent players reviewed in the research report include: Naver Kakao Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Tappytoon ToryComics Toomics Global Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) KidariStudio Webtoon Factory Izneo Webtoon Stela Graphite Webcomics (SideWalk Group) SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Mr Blue Tencent Amazia Shuueisha Comico (NHN) U17 Product Type Insights Global markets are presented by Webtoons type, along with growth forecasts through 2029. Estimates on revenue are based on the price in the supply chain at which the Webtoons are procured by the companies. This report has studied every segment and provided the market size using historical data. They have also talked about the growth opportunities that the segment may pose in the future. This study bestows revenue data by type, and during the historical period (2018-2023) and forecast period (2024-2029). Webtoons segment by Type Subscription Based Webtoons Advertisement Based Webtoons Application Insights This report has provided the market size (revenue data) by application, during the historical period (2018-2023) and forecast period (2024-2029). This report also outlines the market trends of each segment and consumer behaviors impacting the Webtoons market and what implications these may have on the industry's future. This report can help to understand the relevant market and consumer trends that are driving the Webtoons market. Webtoons Segment by Application Mobile Phone PC/Notebook Tablet Computer Others Regional Outlook This section of the report provides key insights regarding various regions and the key players operating in each region. Economic, social, environmental, technological, and political factors have been taken into consideration while assessing the growth of the particular region/country. The readers will also get their hands on the revenue data of each region and country for the period 2018-2029. The market has been segmented into various major geographies, including North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa. Detailed analysis of major countries such as the USA, Germany, the U.K., Italy, France, China, Japan, South Korea, Southeast Asia, and India will be covered within the regional segment. For market estimates, data are going to be provided for 2022 because of the base year, with estimates for 2023 and forecast revenue for 2029. North America United States Canada Europe Germany France UK Italy Russia Nordic Countries Rest of Europe Asia-Pacific China Japan South Korea Southeast Asia India Australia Rest of Asia Latin America Mexico Brazil Rest of Latin America Middle East & Africa Turkey Saudi Arabia UAE Rest of MEA Key Drivers & Barriers High-impact rendering factors and drivers have been studied in this report to aid the readers to understand the general development. Moreover, the report includes restraints and challenges that may act as stumbling blocks on the way of the players. This will assist the users to be attentive and make informed decisions related to business. Specialists have also laid their focus on the upcoming business prospects. COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence Analysis The readers in the section will understand how the Webtoons market scenario changed across the globe during the pandemic, post-pandemic and Russia-Ukraine War. The study is done keeping in view the changes in aspects such as demand, consumption, transportation, consumer behavior, supply chain management. The industry experts have also highlighted the key factors that will help create opportunities for players and stabilize the overall industry in the years to come. Reasons to Buy This Report This report will help the readers to understand the competition within the industries and strategies for the competitive environment to enhance the potential profit. The report also focuses on the competitive landscape of the global Webtoons market, and introduces in detail the market share, industry ranking, competitor ecosystem, market performance, new product development, operation situation, expansion, and acquisition. etc. of the main players, which helps the readers to identify the main competitors and deeply understand the competition pattern of the market. This report will help stakeholders to understand the global industry status and trends of Webtoons and provides them with information on key market drivers, restraints, challenges, and opportunities. This report will help stakeholders to understand competitors better and gain more insights to strengthen their position in their businesses. The competitive landscape section includes the market share and rank (in volume and value), competitor ecosystem, new product development, expansion, and acquisition. This report stays updated with novel technology integration, features, and the latest developments in the market This report helps stakeholders to understand the COVID-19 and Russia-Ukraine War Influence on the Webtoons industry. This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into which regions to target globally This report helps stakeholders to gain insights into the end-user perception concerning the adoption of Webtoons. This report helps stakeholders to identify some of the key players in the market and understand their valuable contribution. Core Chapters Chapter 1: Research objectives, research methods, data sources, data cross-validation; Chapter 2: Introduces the report scope of the report, executive summary of different market segments (product type, application, etc), including the market size of each market segment, future development potential, and so on. It offers a high-level view of the current state of the market and its likely evolution in the short to mid-term, and long term. Chapter 3: Provides the analysis of various market segments product types, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments. Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets. Chapter 5: Introduces executive summary of global market size, regional market size, this section also introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by companies in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry. Chapter 6: Detailed analysis of Webtoons companies’ competitive landscape, revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc. Chapter 7, 8, 9, 10, 11: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, Middle East and Africa segment by country. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space, and capacity of each country in the world. Chapter 12: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc. Chapter 13: The main points and conclusions of the report. Frequently Asked Questions What factors will challenge the Product Name market growth? Which end-use segment will expand at the fastest CAGR in the Product Name market? Which are the emerging players in the Product Name market? How concentrated is the Product Name market? Which factors are positively contributing to the Product Name market growth? Which are the novel product innovations in the Product Name market? Which product segment will emerge as the most lucrative in the Product Name market? Which factors are increasing the competition in the Product Name market? Which are the strategic measures taken by the Product Name industry players? Which region will witness inactive growth during the forecast period? What key trends are likely to emerge in the Product Name market in the coming years?
1 Preface 1.1 Scope of Report 1.2 Reasons for Doing This Study 1.3 Research Methodology 1.4 Research Process 1.5 Data Source 1.5.1 Secondary Sources 1.5.2 Primary Sources 2 Market Overview 2.1 Product Definition 2.2 Webtoons by Type 2.2.1 Market Value Comparison by Type (2018 VS 2022 VS 2029) 1.2.2 Subscription Based Webtoons 1.2.3 Advertisement Based Webtoons 2.3 Webtoons by Application 2.3.1 Market Value Comparison by Application (2018 VS 2022 VS 2029) 2.3.2 Mobile Phone 2.3.3 PC/Notebook 2.3.4 Tablet Computer 2.3.5 Others 2.4 Assumptions and Limitations 3 Webtoons Breakdown Data by Type 3.1 Global Webtoons Historic Market Size by Type (2018-2023) 3.2 Global Webtoons Forecasted Market Size by Type (2023-2028) 4 Webtoons Breakdown Data by Application 4.1 Global Webtoons Historic Market Size by Application (2018-2023) 4.2 Global Webtoons Forecasted Market Size by Application (2018-2023) 5 Global Growth Trends 5.1 Global Webtoons Market Perspective (2018-2029) 5.2 Global Webtoons Growth Trends by Region 5.2.1 Global Webtoons Market Size by Region: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 5.2.2 Webtoons Historic Market Size by Region (2018-2023) 5.2.3 Webtoons Forecasted Market Size by Region (2024-2029) 5.3 Webtoons Market Dynamics 5.3.1 Webtoons Industry Trends 5.3.2 Webtoons Market Drivers 5.3.3 Webtoons Market Challenges 5.3.4 Webtoons Market Restraints 6 Market Competitive Landscape by Players 6.1 Global Top Webtoons Players by Revenue 6.1.1 Global Top Webtoons Players by Revenue (2018-2023) 6.1.2 Global Webtoons Revenue Market Share by Players (2018-2023) 6.2 Global Webtoons Industry Players Ranking, 2021 VS 2022 VS 2023 6.3 Global Key Players of Webtoons Head office and Area Served 6.4 Global Webtoons Players, Product Type & Application 6.5 Global Webtoons Players, Date of Enter into This Industry 6.6 Global Webtoons Market CR5 and HHI 6.7 Global Players Mergers & Acquisition 7 North America 7.1 North America Webtoons Market Size (2018-2029) 7.2 North America Webtoons Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 7.3 North America Webtoons Market Size by Country (2018-2023) 7.4 North America Webtoons Market Size by Country (2024-2029) 7.5 United States 7.6 Canada 8 Europe 8.1 Europe Webtoons Market Size (2018-2029) 8.2 Europe Webtoons Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 8.3 Europe Webtoons Market Size by Country (2018-2023) 8.4 Europe Webtoons Market Size by Country (2024-2029) 7.4 Germany 7.5 France 7.6 U.K. 7.7 Italy 7.8 Russia 7.9 Nordic Countries 9 Asia-Pacific 9.1 Asia-Pacific Webtoons Market Size (2018-2029) 9.2 Asia-Pacific Webtoons Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 9.3 Asia-Pacific Webtoons Market Size by Country (2018-2023) 9.4 Asia-Pacific Webtoons Market Size by Country (2024-2029) 8.4 China 8.5 Japan 8.6 South Korea 8.7 Southeast Asia 8.8 India 8.9 Australia 10 Latin America 10.1 Latin America Webtoons Market Size (2018-2029) 10.2 Latin America Webtoons Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 10.3 Latin America Webtoons Market Size by Country (2018-2023) 10.4 Latin America Webtoons Market Size by Country (2024-2029) 9.4 Mexico 9.5 Brazil 11 Middle East & Africa 11.1 Middle East & Africa Webtoons Market Size (2018-2029) 11.2 Middle East & Africa Webtoons Market Growth Rate by Country: 2018 VS 2022 VS 2029 11.3 Middle East & Africa Webtoons Market Size by Country (2018-2023) 11.4 Middle East & Africa Webtoons Market Size by Country (2024-2029) 10.4 Turkey 10.5 Saudi Arabia 10.6 UAE 12 Players Profiled 11.1 Naver 11.1.1 Naver Company Detail 11.1.2 Naver Business Overview 11.1.3 Naver Webtoons Introduction 11.1.4 Naver Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.1.5 Naver Recent Development 11.2 Kakao 11.2.1 Kakao Company Detail 11.2.2 Kakao Business Overview 11.2.3 Kakao Webtoons Introduction 11.2.4 Kakao Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.2.5 Kakao Recent Development 11.3 Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) 11.3.1 Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Company Detail 11.3.2 Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Business Overview 11.3.3 Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Webtoons Introduction 11.3.4 Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.3.5 Lezhin Entertainment (KidariStudio) Recent Development 11.4 Tappytoon 11.4.1 Tappytoon Company Detail 11.4.2 Tappytoon Business Overview 11.4.3 Tappytoon Webtoons Introduction 11.4.4 Tappytoon Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.4.5 Tappytoon Recent Development 11.5 ToryComics 11.5.1 ToryComics Company Detail 11.5.2 ToryComics Business Overview 11.5.3 ToryComics Webtoons Introduction 11.5.4 ToryComics Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.5.5 ToryComics Recent Development 11.6 Toomics Global 11.6.1 Toomics Global Company Detail 11.6.2 Toomics Global Business Overview 11.6.3 Toomics Global Webtoons Introduction 11.6.4 Toomics Global Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.6.5 Toomics Global Recent Development 11.7 Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) 11.7.1 Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) Company Detail 11.7.2 Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) Business Overview 11.7.3 Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) Webtoons Introduction 11.7.4 Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.7.5 Ridibooks (RIDI Corp) Recent Development 11.8 KidariStudio 11.8.1 KidariStudio Company Detail 11.8.2 KidariStudio Business Overview 11.8.3 KidariStudio Webtoons Introduction 11.8.4 KidariStudio Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.8.5 KidariStudio Recent Development 11.9 Webtoon Factory 11.9.1 Webtoon Factory Company Detail 11.9.2 Webtoon Factory Business Overview 11.9.3 Webtoon Factory Webtoons Introduction 11.9.4 Webtoon Factory Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.9.5 Webtoon Factory Recent Development 11.10 Izneo Webtoon 11.10.1 Izneo Webtoon Company Detail 11.10.2 Izneo Webtoon Business Overview 11.10.3 Izneo Webtoon Webtoons Introduction 11.10.4 Izneo Webtoon Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.10.5 Izneo Webtoon Recent Development 11.11 Stela 11.11.1 Stela Company Detail 11.11.2 Stela Business Overview 11.11.3 Stela Webtoons Introduction 11.11.4 Stela Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.11.5 Stela Recent Development 11.12 Graphite 11.12.1 Graphite Company Detail 11.12.2 Graphite Business Overview 11.12.3 Graphite Webtoons Introduction 11.12.4 Graphite Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.12.5 Graphite Recent Development 11.13 Webcomics (SideWalk Group) 11.13.1 Webcomics (SideWalk Group) Company Detail 11.13.2 Webcomics (SideWalk Group) Business Overview 11.13.3 Webcomics (SideWalk Group) Webtoons Introduction 11.13.4 Webcomics (SideWalk Group) Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.13.5 Webcomics (SideWalk Group) Recent Development 11.14 SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) 11.14.1 SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Company Detail 11.14.2 SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Business Overview 11.14.3 SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Webtoons Introduction 11.14.4 SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.14.5 SPOTTOON (Rolling Story) Recent Development 11.15 Mr Blue 11.15.1 Mr Blue Company Detail 11.15.2 Mr Blue Business Overview 11.15.3 Mr Blue Webtoons Introduction 11.15.4 Mr Blue Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.15.5 Mr Blue Recent Development 11.16 Tencent 11.16.1 Tencent Company Detail 11.16.2 Tencent Business Overview 11.16.3 Tencent Webtoons Introduction 11.16.4 Tencent Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.16.5 Tencent Recent Development 11.17 Amazia 11.17.1 Amazia Company Detail 11.17.2 Amazia Business Overview 11.17.3 Amazia Webtoons Introduction 11.17.4 Amazia Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.17.5 Amazia Recent Development 11.18 Shuueisha 11.18.1 Shuueisha Company Detail 11.18.2 Shuueisha Business Overview 11.18.3 Shuueisha Webtoons Introduction 11.18.4 Shuueisha Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.18.5 Shuueisha Recent Development 11.19 Comico (NHN) 11.19.1 Comico (NHN) Company Detail 11.19.2 Comico (NHN) Business Overview 11.19.3 Comico (NHN) Webtoons Introduction 11.19.4 Comico (NHN) Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.19.5 Comico (NHN) Recent Development 11.20 U17 11.20.1 U17 Company Detail 11.20.2 U17 Business Overview 11.20.3 U17 Webtoons Introduction 11.20.4 U17 Revenue in Webtoons Business (2017-2022) 11.20.5 U17 Recent Development 13 Report Conclusion 14 Disclaimer