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This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market, focusing on the current trends, market dynamics, and future prospects. The report explores the global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market, including major regions such as North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, and emerging markets. It also examines key factors driving the growth of Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films, challenges faced by the industry, and potential opportunities for market players. The global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market has witnessed rapid growth in recent years, driven by increasing environmental concerns, government incentives, and advancements in technology. The Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market presents opportunities for various stakeholders, including Food Packaging, Industrial Use. Collaboration between the private sector and governments can accelerate the development of supportive policies, research and development efforts, and investment in Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market. Additionally, the growing consumer demand present avenues for market expansion. The global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market was valued at US$ 510.3 million in 2023 and is projected to reach US$ 804 million by 2030, at a CAGR of 7.2% during the forecast period. Key Features: The research report on the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market includes several key features to provide comprehensive insights and facilitate decision-making for stakeholders. Executive Summary: The report provides overview of the key findings, market trends, and major insights of the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market. Market Overview: The report provides a comprehensive overview of the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market, including its definition, historical development, and current market size. It covers market segmentation by Type (e.g., Below 10 um Thickness, 10-25 um Thickness), region, and application, highlighting the key drivers, challenges, and opportunities within each segment. Market Dynamics: The report analyses the market dynamics driving the growth and development of the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market. The report includes an assessment of government policies and regulations, technological advancements, consumer trends and preferences, infrastructure development, and industry collaborations. This analysis helps stakeholders understand the factors influencing the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market's trajectory. Competitive Landscape: The report provides an in-depth analysis of the competitive landscape within the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market. It includes profiles of major market players, their market share, strategies, product portfolios, and recent developments. Market Segmentation and Forecast: The report segment the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market based on various parameters, such as by Type, region, and by Application. It provides market size and growth forecasts for each segment, supported by quantitative data and analysis. This helps stakeholders identify growth opportunities and make informed investment decisions. Technological Trends: The report should highlight the key technological trends shaping the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market, such as advancements in Type One technology and emerging substitutes. It analyses the impact of these trends on market growth, adoption rates, and consumer preferences. Market Challenges and Opportunities: The report identify and analyses the major challenges faced by the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market, such as technical bottleneck, cost limitations, and high entry barrier. It also highlights the opportunities for market growth, such as government incentives, emerging markets, and collaborations between stakeholders. Regulatory and Policy Analysis: The report should assess the regulatory and policy landscape for Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films, including government incentives, emission standards, and infrastructure development plans. It should analyse the impact of these policies on market growth and provide insights into future regulatory developments. Recommendations and Conclusion: The report conclude with actionable recommendations for stakeholders, such as Application One Consumer, policymakers, investors, and infrastructure providers. These recommendations should be based on the research findings and address key challenges and opportunities within the Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market. Supporting Data and Appendices: The report include supporting data, charts, and graphs to substantiate the analysis and findings. It also includes appendices with additional detailed information, such as data sources, survey questionnaires, and detailed market forecasts. Market Segmentation Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market is split by Type and by Application. For the period 2019-2030, the growth among segments provides accurate calculations and forecasts for consumption value by Type, and by Application in terms of volume and value. Market segment by Type Below 10 um Thickness 10-25 um Thickness 25-75 um Thickness Above 75 um Thickness Market segment by Application Food Packaging Industrial Use Other Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Segment Percentages, By Region and Country, 2023 (%) North America US Canada Mexico Europe Germany France U.K. Italy Russia Nordic Countries Benelux Rest of Europe Asia China Japan South Korea Southeast Asia India Rest of Asia South America Brazil Argentina Rest of South America Middle East & Africa Turkey Israel Saudi Arabia UAE Rest of Middle East & Africa Major players covered Flex Films AEC GROUP HuanYuan Plastic Film Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co Jindal Poly Films Ltd Uflex Polinas Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG JBF Group SRF Limited Fuwei Films Holdings Co Retal Industries LTD DMG Polypack Outline of Major Chapters: Chapter 1: Introduces the definition of Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films, market overview. Chapter 2: Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films market size in revenue and volume. Chapter 3: Detailed analysis of Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films manufacturers competitive landscape, price, sales and revenue market share, latest development plan, merger, and acquisition information, etc. Chapter 4: Provides the analysis of various market segments by type, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different market segments. Chapter 5: Provides the analysis of various market segments by application, covering the market size and development potential of each market segment, to help readers find the blue ocean market in different downstream markets. Chapter 6: Sales of Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films in regional level and country level. It provides a quantitative analysis of the market size and development potential of each region and its main countries and introduces the market development, future development prospects, market space of each country in the world. Chapter 7: Provides profiles of key players, introducing the basic situation of the main companies in the market in detail, including product sales, revenue, price, gross margin, product introduction, recent development, etc. Chapter 8: Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films capacity by region & country. Chapter 9: Introduces the market dynamics, latest developments of the market, the driving factors and restrictive factors of the market, the challenges and risks faced by manufacturers in the industry, and the analysis of relevant policies in the industry. Chapter 10: Analysis of industrial chain, including the upstream and downstream of the industry. Chapter 11: The main points and conclusions of the report.
1 Introduction to Research & Analysis Reports 1.1 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Definition 1.2 Market Segments 1.2.1 Market by Type 1.2.2 Market by Application 1.3 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Overview 1.4 Features & Benefits of This Report 1.5 Methodology & Sources of Information 1.5.1 Research Methodology 1.5.2 Research Process 1.5.3 Base Year 1.5.4 Report Assumptions & Caveats 2 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Overall Market Size 2.1 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size: 2023 VS 2030 2.2 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, Prospects & Forecasts: 2019-2030 2.3 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales: 2019-2030 3 Company Landscape 3.1 Top Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Players in Global Market 3.2 Top Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Companies Ranked by Revenue 3.3 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue by Companies 3.4 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales by Companies 3.5 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Price by Manufacturer (2019-2024) 3.6 Top 3 and Top 5 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Companies in Global Market, by Revenue in 2023 3.7 Global Manufacturers Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Product Type 3.8 Tier 1, Tier 2 and Tier 3 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Players in Global Market 3.8.1 List of Global Tier 1 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Companies 3.8.2 List of Global Tier 2 and Tier 3 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Companies 4 Sights by Product 4.1 Overview 4.1.1 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size Markets, 2023 & 2030 4.1.2 Below 10 um Thickness 4.1.3 10-25 um Thickness 4.1.4 25-75 um Thickness 4.1.5 Above 75 um Thickness 4.2 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue & Forecasts 4.2.1 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2024 4.2.2 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2025-2030 4.2.3 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030 4.3 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales & Forecasts 4.3.1 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2024 4.3.2 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2025-2030 4.3.3 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales Market Share, 2019-2030 4.4 By Type - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2019-2030 5 Sights by Application 5.1 Overview 5.1.1 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2023 & 2030 5.1.2 Food Packaging 5.1.3 Industrial Use 5.1.4 Other 5.2 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue & Forecasts 5.2.1 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2024 5.2.2 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2025-2030 5.2.3 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030 5.3 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales & Forecasts 5.3.1 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2024 5.3.2 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2025-2030 5.3.3 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales Market Share, 2019-2030 5.4 By Application - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Price (Manufacturers Selling Prices), 2019-2030 6 Sights by Region 6.1 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2023 & 2030 6.2 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue & Forecasts 6.2.1 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2024 6.2.2 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2025-2030 6.2.3 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue Market Share, 2019-2030 6.3 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales & Forecasts 6.3.1 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2024 6.3.2 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2025-2030 6.3.3 By Region - Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales Market Share, 2019-2030 6.4 North America 6.4.1 By Country - North America Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2030 6.4.2 By Country - North America Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2030 6.4.3 US Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.4.4 Canada Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.4.5 Mexico Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5 Europe 6.5.1 By Country - Europe Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2030 6.5.2 By Country - Europe Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2030 6.5.3 Germany Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5.4 France Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5.5 U.K. Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5.6 Italy Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5.7 Russia Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5.8 Nordic Countries Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.5.9 Benelux Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.6 Asia 6.6.1 By Region - Asia Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2030 6.6.2 By Region - Asia Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2030 6.6.3 China Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.6.4 Japan Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.6.5 South Korea Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.6.6 Southeast Asia Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.6.7 India Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.7 South America 6.7.1 By Country - South America Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2030 6.7.2 By Country - South America Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2030 6.7.3 Brazil Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.7.4 Argentina Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.8 Middle East & Africa 6.8.1 By Country - Middle East & Africa Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Revenue, 2019-2030 6.8.2 By Country - Middle East & Africa Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales, 2019-2030 6.8.3 Turkey Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.8.4 Israel Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.8.5 Saudi Arabia Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 6.8.6 UAE Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Market Size, 2019-2030 7 Manufacturers & Brands Profiles 7.1 Flex Films 7.1.1 Flex Films Company Summary 7.1.2 Flex Films Business Overview 7.1.3 Flex Films Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.1.4 Flex Films Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.1.5 Flex Films Key News & Latest Developments 7.2 AEC GROUP 7.2.1 AEC GROUP Company Summary 7.2.2 AEC GROUP Business Overview 7.2.3 AEC GROUP Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.2.4 AEC GROUP Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.2.5 AEC GROUP Key News & Latest Developments 7.3 HuanYuan Plastic Film 7.3.1 HuanYuan Plastic Film Company Summary 7.3.2 HuanYuan Plastic Film Business Overview 7.3.3 HuanYuan Plastic Film Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.3.4 HuanYuan Plastic Film Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.3.5 HuanYuan Plastic Film Key News & Latest Developments 7.4 Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co 7.4.1 Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co Company Summary 7.4.2 Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co Business Overview 7.4.3 Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.4.4 Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.4.5 Beijing Kangdexin Film Material Co Key News & Latest Developments 7.5 Jindal Poly Films Ltd 7.5.1 Jindal Poly Films Ltd Company Summary 7.5.2 Jindal Poly Films Ltd Business Overview 7.5.3 Jindal Poly Films Ltd Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.5.4 Jindal Poly Films Ltd Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.5.5 Jindal Poly Films Ltd Key News & Latest Developments 7.6 Uflex 7.6.1 Uflex Company Summary 7.6.2 Uflex Business Overview 7.6.3 Uflex Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.6.4 Uflex Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.6.5 Uflex Key News & Latest Developments 7.7 Polinas 7.7.1 Polinas Company Summary 7.7.2 Polinas Business Overview 7.7.3 Polinas Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.7.4 Polinas Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.7.5 Polinas Key News & Latest Developments 7.8 Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG 7.8.1 Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Company Summary 7.8.2 Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Business Overview 7.8.3 Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.8.4 Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.8.5 Bruckner Maschinenbau GmbH & Co. KG Key News & Latest Developments 7.9 JBF Group 7.9.1 JBF Group Company Summary 7.9.2 JBF Group Business Overview 7.9.3 JBF Group Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.9.4 JBF Group Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.9.5 JBF Group Key News & Latest Developments 7.10 SRF Limited 7.10.1 SRF Limited Company Summary 7.10.2 SRF Limited Business Overview 7.10.3 SRF Limited Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.10.4 SRF Limited Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.10.5 SRF Limited Key News & Latest Developments 7.11 Fuwei Films Holdings Co 7.11.1 Fuwei Films Holdings Co Company Summary 7.11.2 Fuwei Films Holdings Co Business Overview 7.11.3 Fuwei Films Holdings Co Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.11.4 Fuwei Films Holdings Co Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.11.5 Fuwei Films Holdings Co Key News & Latest Developments 7.12 Retal Industries LTD 7.12.1 Retal Industries LTD Company Summary 7.12.2 Retal Industries LTD Business Overview 7.12.3 Retal Industries LTD Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.12.4 Retal Industries LTD Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.12.5 Retal Industries LTD Key News & Latest Developments 7.13 DMG Polypack 7.13.1 DMG Polypack Company Summary 7.13.2 DMG Polypack Business Overview 7.13.3 DMG Polypack Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Major Product Offerings 7.13.4 DMG Polypack Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Sales and Revenue in Global (2019-2024) 7.13.5 DMG Polypack Key News & Latest Developments 8 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Production Capacity, Analysis 8.1 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Production Capacity, 2019-2030 8.2 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Production Capacity of Key Manufacturers in Global Market 8.3 Global Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Production by Region 9 Key Market Trends, Opportunity, Drivers and Restraints 9.1 Market Opportunities & Trends 9.2 Market Drivers 9.3 Market Restraints 10 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Supply Chain Analysis 10.1 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Industry Value Chain 10.2 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Upstream Market 10.3 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Downstream and Clients 10.4 Marketing Channels Analysis 10.4.1 Marketing Channels 10.4.2 Biaxially Oriented Polyethylene Terephthalate (BOPET) Films Distributors and Sales Agents in Global 11 Conclusion 12 Appendix 12.1 Note 12.2 Examples of Clients 12.3 Disclaimer